CSS has been receiving a steady stream of genuinely useful features over the last few years, to the point where the language today feels very different from what many of us originally learned. A large number of patterns that were previously only possible with preprocessors like Sass (nesting, functions, conditionals) or required JavaScript (scroll‑based animations, […]

Before solving any problem or start any new project or feature we have to make a higher abstraction of it. so designing a large-scale system starts long before architecture diagrams or technology choices and the first and most important step is understanding what needs to be built. This process of gathering, refining, and analyzing requirements […]

Authentication is necessary for many web applications. However, nowadays many users are often not interested in filling out registration forms or managing yet another password, especially if they return to your app after weeks or months. This friction can be enough to discourage them from signing up altogether, which is a serious problem for any […]

As Frontend developers, we’ve all reached for CSS media queries or Tailwind or Bootstrap’s responsive utilities to make a layout adapt and toggle the visibility of elements and components. Specially since Tailwind became so popular I’ve seen developers and codebases doing this more than ever. They’re fast, declarative, and for most use cases, enough. But […]

Express.js is the most popular Node.js library for backend development, with millions of installs every month. I’ve been using it for a while now for full-stack development. After over a decade since v4, the new version, Express v5, was released a few months ago with minor improvements and even some breaking changes. However, it remains […]

Over two years ago, I reviewed React 18, which introduced significant changes, including new optimization hooks. Now, with the release of React 19 on December 5, 2024, the framework has evolved even further, offering groundbreaking updates designed to make development smoother, faster, and more efficient. From simplified handling of state transitions to new hooks and […]

The competition between frontend and UI development libraries and frameworks has never been so intense. Every library/framework keeps introducing new features not only to make it possible to develop more performant web applications but also to make the development experience more intuitive for developers. As a result, even though my most favorite library of all […]

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) attacks have been a persistent threat to web applications for years, and their prevention is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of user data. There are various techniques and best practices that developers can implement to mitigate the risk of XSS attacks. In this post, we will discuss the use of […]

Clean code is the foundation of efficient, maintainable, and scalable software. It is not just about making code work, but about making it understandable and easy to manage over time. Robert Cecil Martin, also known as Uncle Bob, has been a significant influence on me and in the world of software development with his book […]

As a front-end developer, it is important to ensure that the code you write is of high quality and that it functions correctly. One way to do this is through testing, which involves verifying that the code you have written meets certain criteria and behaves as expected. There are several different types of testing that […]